In a previous article, we discussed the difference between immunization and a vaccination. Vaccines are the first step needed before we can have better protection and be healthier.

Vaccines are prepared using parts of or weakened versions of the germ we are trying to prevent from infecting the body and causing sickness. Because of the way they are made, the vaccine does not make you sick but causes the body to react as if it was infected. As a result, the body has gained immunity to the disease and will be able to recognize and fight if the actual germ is ever introduced to the body in the future.

Vaccines have been used for over two hundreds years and the data that has been gathered show that they are effective in minimizing the risk for serious infection and the spread of disease. There is almost no way of being completely protected from a germ, even if exposed to it before, because they continue to evolve. This is the reason why it is recommended for everyone who can safely receive the flu shot to do so every year. All individuals are different and have varying immune systems, which is why vaccines are not 100% effective. Also, people who are not adequately protected spread disease to others. People who are vaccinated may still be infected but the chance of developing the disease is very low.

When we take a look at the vaccines we use and the history of the different diseases, there is a direct correlation from when they are licensed and approved for use in the general population and a sharp decline in the number of cases in the years that follow. Notable examples are smallpox, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella. The numbers of incidences involving these diseases have gradually declined over time to very minimal numbers (over 99% reduction in cases in the United States).

The first vaccine ever developed was introduced in 1796 and targeted smallpox. After the vaccine demonstrated effectiveness, it was started to be used more widely in Europe and was carried by explorers to the new lands in the Americas. More recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) set up an international program designed to eradicate smallpox in the entire world. In 1980, it was declared that the disease was eradicated. There have been no naturally occurring incidences reported since this announcement.

Polio is another popular example when discussing vaccine effectiveness. From 1955, when the vaccine was announced to the world, the last naturally occurring case in the United States was reported in 1979. Currently, the only cases being reported are concentrated in the African countries of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. WHO is attempting to eradicate polio as it did with smallpox.

Please continue to practice proper hand washing techniques and good hygiene to reduce the spread of infections.